Title: Am Hallenbad Hotel garni - Latest Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.ca [See all properties](http://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?regionId=&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) # Am Hallenbad Hotel garni Nature's beauty surrounds this peaceful retreat where guests can indulge in delicious meals and spa treatments while reconnecting with themselves ## Photo gallery for Am Hallenbad Hotel garni ![Front of property - evening/night - Am Hallenbad Hotel garni (Ratingen)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768184/54f5fbc4.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![Minibar, desk, iron/ironing board, free WiFi - Am Hallenbad Hotel garni (Ratingen)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768184/ff29b4aa.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Daily cooked-to-order breakfast (EUR 10 per person) - Am Hallenbad Hotel garni (Ratingen)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768184/4f50277f.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Terrace/patio - Am Hallenbad Hotel garni (Ratingen)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768184/425ce258.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Front of property - Am Hallenbad Hotel garni (Ratingen)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768184/93a16a3e.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Rooms - Location - Policies Am Hallenbad Hotel garni provides a tranquil escape with its serene garden and playground. Travelers can enjoy rejuvenating spa treatments, dine at the on-site restaurant, and stay connected with complimentary in-room WiFi throughout their stay. ## Reviews 7.4 Good ## Popular amenities - Pet friendly - Parking included - Free WiFi - Restaurant - Breakfast available - Laundry ## Room options ### Check availability for these dates Tonight [Jan. 19 - Jan. 20](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-19&endDate=2026-01-20&selected=1768184&PinnedHotelID=1768184&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-19&endDate=2026-01-20&selected=1768184&PinnedHotelID=1768184&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) Tomorrow [Jan. 20 - Jan. 21](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-20&endDate=2026-01-21&selected=1768184&PinnedHotelID=1768184&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-20&endDate=2026-01-21&selected=1768184&PinnedHotelID=1768184&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) This weekend [Jan. 23 - Jan. 25](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-23&endDate=2026-01-25&selected=1768184&PinnedHotelID=1768184&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-23&endDate=2026-01-25&selected=1768184&PinnedHotelID=1768184&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) Next weekend [Jan. 30 - Feb. 1](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-30&endDate=2026-02-01&selected=1768184&PinnedHotelID=1768184&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-30&endDate=2026-02-01&selected=1768184&PinnedHotelID=1768184&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) All rooms 1 bed 2 beds Showing 3 of 3 rooms ### View all photos for Single Room ![Room amenity](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768184/bcaba3eb.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Single Room ### Highlights Heating Refrigerator Flat-screen TV Portable fan Rainfall showerhead Deep soaking bathtub Private bathroom Hair dryer - 151 sq ft - Sleeps 1 - 1 Twin Bed ### View all photos for Double Room ![Minibar, desk, iron/ironing board, free WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768184/65971a78.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Double Room ### Highlights Heating Refrigerator Flat-screen TV Portable fan Hair dryer Rainfall showerhead Private bathroom Electric kettle - 194 sq ft - Sleeps 2 - 2 Twin Beds ### View all photos for Triple Room ![Minibar, desk, iron/ironing board, free WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768184/171c8af9.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Triple Room ### Highlights Heating Refrigerator Flat-screen TV Portable fan Hair dryer Rainfall showerhead Private bathroom Electric kettle - 194 sq ft - Sleeps 3 - 1 Queen Bed and 1 Twin Bed ![Mod logo](https://a.travel-assets.com/pricing-claim/sparkle_dark.svg) Sign in to view eligible discounts and perks. More rewards for more adventures! [Sign in](https://www.expedia.ca/login?ckoflag=0&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FRatingen-Hotels-Am-Hallenbad-Hotel-Garni.h1768184.Hotel-Information)[Sign up, it's free](https://www.expedia.ca/signup?enable_registration=true&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FRatingen-Hotels-Am-Hallenbad-Hotel-Garni.h1768184.Hotel-Information) ## About the area Ratingen is home to Am Hallenbad Hotel garni. Travelers eager for a bit of culture can stop by Mitsubishi Electric Hall, while those who have shopping on the agenda may want to visit Konigsallee and Westfield Centro. Looking to enjoy an event or a game? See what's going on at Merkur Spiel-Arena or Rudolf Weber-Arena. Take an opportunity to explore the area for outdoor excitement like hiking/biking trails. [Visit our Ratingen travel guide](https://www.expedia.ca/Ratingen.dx5246) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C51.33235%2C6.83785&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=N1xdVKI_dgx_MW0cdhZKciYdTSY=) Jahnstr. 41, Ratingen, NRW, 40885 ### What's nearby - Spee'scher Graben \- 4 min drive \- 7.0 km - Green Lake \- 6 min drive \- 8.6 km - PSD Bank Dome \- 6 min drive \- 9.2 km - Blue Lake \- 7 min drive \- 7.9 km - Fachklinik 360 \- 7 min drive \- 5.8 km ### Getting around - Angermund Station - 5 min drive - Ratingen Hoesel S-Bahn - 6 min drive - Düsseldorf Intl. Airport (DUS) - 15 min drive ### Restaurants - ‪McDonald's - ‬5 min drive - ‪Alter Bahnhof - ‬12 min walk - ‪Schlüssel zum Meck - ‬8 min walk - ‪Der Grieche in Lintorf - ‬14 min walk - ‪Lumare Zur Grenze - ‬2 min drive ## About this property ### Am Hallenbad Hotel garni Property highlights At Am Hallenbad Hotel garni, you can look forward to a garden, a playground, and laundry facilities. Treat yourself to a massage or other spa services. Stay connected with free in-room WiFi, and guests can find other amenities such as a restaurant. Other perks include: - Free self parking, plus extended parking (surcharge) - Cooked-to-order breakfast (surcharge), an electric car charging station, and access to a nearby health club - Express check-out, express check-in, and smoke-free premises Room features All guestrooms at Am Hallenbad Hotel garni offer amenities such as free WiFi, minibars, and free bottled water. Other conveniences in all rooms include: - Heating and portable fans - Bathrooms with free toiletries and hair dryers - Flat-screen TVs with satellite channels - Refrigerators, electric kettles, and daily housekeeping ## Similar properties ![Hypo-allergenic bedding, desk, laptop workspace, free WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/101000000/100880000/100873000/100872972/759840e1.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Stuckhotel Fettehenne Ratingen - Pet friendly - Parking included - Free WiFi - Breakfast available 8.6 Excellent 76 reviews CA $91 CA $98 total includes taxes & fees Feb 1 - Feb 2 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-01&endDate=2026-02-02&selected=100872972&PinnedHotelID=100872972&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Property entrance](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/19000000/18280000/18276900/18276813/910f8b9d.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel Jägerhof Ratingen - Parking included - Free WiFi - Breakfast available - Housekeeping 8.8 Excellent 3 reviews [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-02&endDate=2026-02-03&selected=18276813&PinnedHotelID=18276813&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Interior entrance](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/88000000/87570000/87564700/87564658/d1ae15aa.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Serways Hotel Hösel Ratingen - Pet friendly - Parking included - Free WiFi - Restaurant 9.2 Wonderful 118 reviews CA $107 CA $115 total includes taxes & fees Jan 22 - Jan 23 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-22&endDate=2026-01-23&selected=87564658&PinnedHotelID=87564658&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Property amenity](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/60000000/59900000/59898300/59898204/c1b61ecd.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### B&B Hotel Düsseldorf-Ratingen Ratingen - Pet friendly - Free WiFi - Air conditioning - Breakfast available 8.0 Very good 50 reviews CA $99 CA $106 total includes taxes & fees Jan 30 - Jan 31 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-30&endDate=2026-01-31&selected=59898204&PinnedHotelID=59898204&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Daily buffet breakfast (EUR 15 per person)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/9000000/8270000/8264300/8264288/5b177ec7.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel am Düsseldorfer Platz Ratingen - Pet friendly - Parking included - Free WiFi - Air conditioning 8.8 Excellent 139 reviews CA $110 CA $117 total includes taxes & fees Jan 30 - Jan 31 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-30&endDate=2026-01-31&selected=8264288&PinnedHotelID=8264288&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Apartment, Garden View (Business Ratingen 4) | Garden view](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/36000000/35280000/35270800/35270713/972b88ba.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Business Apartments Ratingen 4 Ratingen - Kitchen - Washer - Free WiFi - Outdoor Space [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-02&endDate=2026-02-03&selected=35270713&PinnedHotelID=35270713&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Miscellaneous](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/1000000/200000/197800/197737/646184ce.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Mercure Hotel Düsseldorf - Ratingen Ratingen - Pet friendly - Parking included - Free WiFi - Restaurant 7.8 Good 375 reviews CA $109 CA $117 total includes taxes & fees Feb 6 - Feb 7 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-06&endDate=2026-02-07&selected=197737&PinnedHotelID=197737&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Daily buffet breakfast (EUR 23 per person)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/1000000/990000/988400/988301/5530b05e.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Holiday Inn Ratingen City by IHG Ratingen - Pet friendly - Free WiFi - Restaurant - Air conditioning [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-02&endDate=2026-02-03&selected=988301&PinnedHotelID=988301&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Interior entrance](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1770000/1768200/1768197/3d8fd0a6.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### guestified. BARBAROSSA Hotel Ratingen - Pet friendly - Parking included - Free WiFi - Breakfast available 8.6 Excellent 157 reviews CA $108 CA $116 total includes taxes & fees Jan 31 - Feb 1 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-31&endDate=2026-02-01&selected=1768197&PinnedHotelID=1768197&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Hallway](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/107000000/106220000/106210200/106210135/7f08cb98.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Tibet Hotel am Airport Ratingen - Breakfast included - Parking included - Free WiFi - Restaurant 8.6 Excellent 127 reviews CA $117 CA $125 total includes taxes & fees Feb 1 - Feb 2 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-01&endDate=2026-02-02&selected=106210135&PinnedHotelID=106210135&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ## Property amenities ### Internet - Available in all rooms: Free WiFi - Available in some public areas: Free WiFi ### Parking and transportation - Electric car charging station on site - Free self parking on site - Extended parking on site (EUR 30 per night) ### Food and drink - Daily cooked-to-order breakfast available 7:00 AM to 10:00 AM for a fee: EUR 10 per person - A restaurant ### Things to do - Hiking/biking trails - Playground ### Family friendly - In-room refrigerator - Laundry facilities - Playground ### Conveniences - Laundry facilities - Limited-hour front desk - Safe at front desk ### Guest services - Housekeeping (daily) ### Outdoors - Garden ### Spa - Massage ### Accessibility - No elevator ### More - Smoking not allowed ## Room amenities ### Bedroom - Bedsheets provided ### Bathroom - Free toiletries - Hair dryer - Private bathroom - Towels provided ### Entertainment - Flat-screen TV with satellite channels ### Food and drink - Coffee/tea maker - Electric kettle - Free bottled water - Minibar - Refrigerator ### More - Desk - Heating - Iron/ironing board on request - Phone - Portable fan ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in start time: 2:00 PM; Check-in end time: 10 PM Late check-in subject to availability Express check-in available Minimum check-in age: 18 ### Check-out Check-out before 9:00 AM Express check-out available ### Special check-in instructions The front desk is open daily from 9 AM - 10 PM Guests must contact the property in advance for check-in instructions; front desk staffed during limited hours To make arrangements for check-in please contact the property ahead of time using the information on the booking confirmation If you are planning to arrive after 10 PM please contact the property in advance using the information on the booking confirmation For any questions, please contact the property using the information on the booking confirmation Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools Guests planning to arrive outside of the regular check-in hours are required to contact the hotel for additional check-in instructions. ### Access methods Front desk (limited hours) ### Pets Pets allowed for an extra charge of EUR 10 per pet, per night Service animals are welcome, and are exempt from fees 1 total pets Specific rooms only, restrictions apply; pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome Children up to the age of 3 years can stay for free if using existing beds when occupying the parent or guardian's room Cribs (infant beds) are not available ### Property payment types ## Important information ### Optional extras - Fee for cooked-to-order breakfast: approximately EUR 10 per person - Extended parking fee: EUR 30 per night - Pet fee: EUR 10 per pet, per night - Service animals are exempt from fees The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. ### You need to know Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card, or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed Guests must contact this property in advance to reserve rollaway/extra beds This property accepts credit cards, debit cards, and cash Please note that cultural norms and guest policies may differ by country and by property; the policies listed are provided by the property ### We should mention This property does not have elevators Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms ### Property is also known as am Hallenbad am Hallenbad Ratingen Hotel am Hallenbad Hotel am Hallenbad Ratingen Am Hallenbad Garni Hotel Dusseldorf Am Hallenbad Garni Hotel Am Hallenbad Garni Dusseldorf Am Hallenbad Garni Am Hallenbad Hotel garni Ratingen Am Hallenbad garni Ratingen Am Hallenbad Garni Ratingen Am Hallenbad Hotel garni Hotel Am Hallenbad Hotel garni Ratingen Am Hallenbad Hotel garni Hotel Ratingen ## Frequently asked questions ### Is Am Hallenbad Hotel garni pet-friendly? ### How much is parking? ### What time is check-in at Am Hallenbad Hotel garni? ### What time is check-out at Am Hallenbad Hotel garni? ### Where is Am Hallenbad Hotel garni located? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Reviews ## Am Hallenbad Hotel garni Reviews 7.4 ### Good All reviews shown are from real guest experiences. Only travellers who have booked a stay with us can submit a review. We verify reviews according to our guidelines and publish all reviews, positive or negative.[More information](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/b/content-guidelines) ### 9.0 Cleanliness ### 8.0 Location ### 9.0 Staff & service ### 7.0 Property conditions & facilities 10 - Excellent 2 8 - Good 2 6 - Okay 0 4 - Poor 2 2 - Terrible 0 ## Reviews ### 10/10 Excellent #### Verified traveller Oct 11, 2019 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort #### Good stay The Hotel is an adapted Haus and a bit old but it has everything you need and the rooms are big. The personal is really nice and always ready to help, ##### Verified traveller Stayed 3 nights in Oct 2019 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Robert Feb 28, 2020 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort interessantes Hotel in Ratingen, bequem fussläufig sind Restaurants erreichbar, sehr nettes Personal! ##### Robert Stayed 1 night in Feb 2020 ### 8/10 Good #### Verified traveller Feb 15, 2020 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort #### Individuell Zimmer sind sehr unterschiedlich mit persönlicher Note und liebevoll eingerichtet. Beim Frühstück werden auf die direkten Wünsche eingegangen. Wir kommen wieder!!! ##### Verified traveller Stayed 4 nights in Feb 2020 ### 4/10 Poor #### Verified traveller Nov 14, 2019 Disliked: Property conditions & facilities ##### Verified traveller Stayed 1 night in Nov 2019 ### 8/10 Good #### Verified traveller Oct 31, 2019 ##### Verified traveller Stayed 1 night in Oct 2019 ### 4/10 Poor #### David Oct 18, 2019 ##### David Stayed 1 night in Oct 2019 ## Expedia's Latest Trends ### Hotels > [Hotels in Miami](https://www.expedia.ca/Miami-Hotels.d178286.Travel-Guide-Hotels) > > [Duane Street Hotel Tribeca](https://www.expedia.ca/New-York-Hotels-Duane-Street-Hotel.h1793639.Hotel-Information) > > [Dreams Onyx Resort & Spa All Inclusive](https://www.expedia.ca/Punta-Cana-Hotels-Dreams-Onyx-Resort-Spa-All-Inclusive.h14822885.Hotel-Information) > > [Cabin Rentals Canmore](https://www.expedia.ca/Canmore-Cabins.d10131-aaCabins.Travel-Guide-Accommodation) > > [Hotels near Port of Galveston Cruise Terminal](https://www.expedia.ca/Port-Of-Galveston-Cruise-Terminal-Hotels.0-l6257015-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Hotels in North Myrtle Beach](https://www.expedia.ca/North-Myrtle-Beach-Hotels.d8929.Travel-Guide-Hotels) > > [Hotels in Thunder Bay](https://www.expedia.ca/Thunder-Bay-Hotels.d4054.Travel-Guide-Hotels) > > [Hotels in Midland](https://www.expedia.ca/Midland-Hotels.d8872.Travel-Guide-Hotels) > > [Spa Hotels in Oakville](https://www.expedia.ca/Oakville-Hotels-Spa-Hotel.0-0-d9236-tSpaHotel.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Hotels near Tivoli Gardens](https://www.expedia.ca/Tivoli-Gardens-Hotels.0-l507652-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Fifth Lake Cottages](https://www.expedia.ca/Central-Frontenac-Hotels-Fifth-Lake-Cottages.h11572527.Hotel-Information) ### Flights > [Flights from Cap-Haitien (CAP) to Fort Lauderdale (FLL)](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/flights/cap/fll/cap-haitien-to-fort-lauderdale) > > [Flights from Cranbrook (YXC) to Las Vegas (LAS)](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/flights/yxc/las/cranbrook-to-las-vegas) > > [Flights from Calgary (YYC) to Mississauga (YYZ)](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/flights/yyc/yyz/calgary-to-toronto) > > [Flights from Edmonton International Airport (YEG) to Kamloops (YKA)](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/flights/yeg/yka/edmonton-to-kamloops) > > [Flights from Winnipeg, MB (YWG-Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson Intl.) to Thompson, MB (YTH-Thompson Municipal)](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/flights/ywg/yth/winnipeg-to-thompson) > > [Flights from Dorval (YUL) to Hamilton (YHM)](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/flights/yul/yhm/montreal-to-hamilton) > > [Flights from Saskatoon (YXE) to Billings (BIL)](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/flights/yxe/bil/saskatoon-to-billings) > > [Flights from Richmond (YVR) to San Diego (SAN)](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/flights/yvr/san/vancouver-to-san-diego) ### Cars > [Hertz Car Rentals In Whitby](https://www.expedia.ca/Hertz-Car-Rentals-In-Whitby.d7606-c40.Car-Rental-Guide-Suppliers) > > [Enterprise Car Rentals In Strathmore](https://www.expedia.ca/Enterprise-Car-Rentals-In-Strathmore.d177762-c15.Car-Rental-Guide-Suppliers) ### Packages > [Turks and Caicos Vacations](https://www.expedia.ca/Turks-And-Caicos.d184.Destination-Travel-Guides) > > [Buntzen Lake](https://www.expedia.ca/Buntzen-Lake-Anmore.d553248629256052117.Vacation-Attraction) > > [Studio Theatre Perth](https://www.expedia.ca/Studio-Theatre-Perth-Perth.d553248634252358148.Vacation-Attraction) ### General