Title: Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal - Latest Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.ca [See all properties](http://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?regionId=&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) Entire apartment # Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal Apartment with kitchen, steps from Rue de Rivoli ## Photo gallery for Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal ![Dining - Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/104000000/103840000/103840000/103839942/51b96021.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![Property grounds - Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/104000000/103840000/103840000/103839942/32ebedbe.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Property grounds - Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/104000000/103840000/103840000/103839942/8a30047e.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Smart TV - Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/104000000/103840000/103840000/103839942/53e650cb.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![2 bedrooms, desk, iron/ironing board, free WiFi - Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/104000000/103840000/103840000/103839942/f6f262f5.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Location - Amenities - Policies Close to Louvre Museum and Palais Garnier, Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal provides amenities like laundry facilities. Stay connected with free in-room WiFi. ## Reviews 6.8 ### Entire apartment 2 bedrooms2 bathroomsSleeps 6710 sq ft ## Popular amenities - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Free WiFi ## Add dates for prices Check-in Check-out Travellers ## About this property ### Entire place You'll have the entire apartment to yourself and will only share it with other guests in your party. ### Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal Welcome to our sublime and new apartment, extremely well located at the foot of the Royal Palace and these famous Buren columns, the Louvre museum is a 4-minute walk away. Many restaurants, shops and the famous Place “Emily in Paris”. Our chic and elegant accommodation with exceptional ceiling height, renovated by a renowned architect, offers high-end and modern facilities. It is ideal for a successful stay in Paris with family or friends. PERFECT LOCATION FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES!!! 12 MINUTES WALK FROM TOWN HALL 17 MINUTES WALK FROM PLACE DE LA CONCORDE Accommodation characteristics: “Place de Valois” 66 m2 apartment with 2 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms, located on the 1st floor with elevator in a very beautiful Parisian building Completely new: Our apartment has been recently renovated and decorated by renowned professionals to provide a luxurious and modern space. \- TV and WIFI \- 1 Living room with sofa bed and coffee table \- 1 dining area with table and chairs for 6 people \- 1 fully equipped open kitchen (fridge, hob, oven, microwave, washer-dryer, dishwasher, kettle, toaster, Nespresso coffee machine) \- 1 bedroom with Queen size bed \- 1 Queen bedroom with adjoining bathroom (sink and shower) \- 1 independent bathroom \- 1 independent toilet We want your stay to be as pleasant as possible, And we are at your disposal to answer all your questions. Book now and enjoy your stay in Paris in our sublime apartment The cleaning fee includes linens and towels for each guest and cleaning is carried out by a professional housekeeper. Additional services: Baby bed: €60/reservation Travelers have access to the entire apartment The location of my apartment allows you to easily access, on foot or by public transport, the most essential sites of the capital: 1\. Louvre Museum (0.5 km) - 5 minutes on foot, 5 minutes by metro, 10 minutes by car 2\. Palais Royal (0.5 km) - 5 minutes on foot, 5 minutes by metro, 10 minutes by car 3\. Place Vendôme (1 km) - 10 minutes on foot, 5 minutes by metro, 10 minutes by car 4\. Jardin des Tuileries (0.5 km) - 5 minutes on foot, 5 minutes by metro, 10 minutes by car 5\. Opéra Garnier (1.5 km) - 15 minutes on foot, 10 minutes by metro, 15 minutes by car 6\. Eiffel Tower (4.5 km) - 45 minutes on foot, 20 minutes by metro, 25 minutes by car 7\. Musée d'Orsay (2 km) - 20 minutes on foot, 15 minutes by metro, 15 minutes by car 8\. Center Pompidou (2 km) – 20 minutes on foot, 15 minutes by metro, 15 minutes by car 9\. Notre-Dame Cathedral (2 km) - 20 minutes on foot, 15 minutes by metro, 15 minutes by car 10\. Champs-Élysées (3 km) – 30 minutes on foot, 15 minutes by metro, 20 minutes by car Metro : Louvre Rivoli (line 1): 2 min Palais-Royal Louvre Museum (lines 1 and 7): 4 min ## Property amenities ### Internet - Available in the apartment: Free WiFi ### Kitchen - Coffee/tea maker - Cookware, dishware, and utensils - Dishwasher - Electric kettle - Microwave - Oven - Refrigerator - Stovetop - Toaster ### Bedrooms - 2 bedrooms - Bedsheets provided - Sofa bed ### Bathroom - 1.5 bathrooms - Hair dryer - Shampoo - Soap - Towels provided ### Entertainment - Smart TV ### Laundry - Laundry facilities - Washing machine ### Work spaces - Desk ### Comfort - Heating ### Pets - No pets allowed ### Suitability/Accessibility - Elevator - Smoking not allowed ### Services and conveniences - Iron/ironing board - Limited housekeeping ### Location highlights - In the city center ### Safety features - Carbon monoxide detector (host has indicated there is a carbon monoxide detector on the property) - Smoke detector (host has indicated there is a smoke detector on the property) ### General - Unit size: 710 square feet ## Similar properties ![Dining](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/94000000/93450000/93445000/93444994/3d04e8ed.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Merveil - Luxury Suite -Opera - Volney I Paris City Center - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Free WiFi [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-17&endDate=2026-02-18&selected=93444994&PinnedHotelID=93444994&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![3 bedrooms, iron/ironing board, travel crib, WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114370000/114368300/114368233/d9648443.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### An Artistic 3-BR/3BA w/ Services - Champs-Elysées 8th Arrondissement - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Air conditioning CA $679 CA $688 total includes taxes & fees Feb 8 - Feb 9 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-08&endDate=2026-02-09&selected=114368233&PinnedHotelID=114368233&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![TV, offices](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/107000000/106560000/106557400/106557305/c9768c75.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### A Splendid 2-BR/2BA with Services in Opéra Paris City Center - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Air conditioning 10 Exceptional 1 review CA $594 CA $602 total includes taxes & fees Feb 24 - Feb 25 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-24&endDate=2026-02-25&selected=106557305&PinnedHotelID=106557305&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![3 bedrooms, iron/ironing board, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/33000000/32060000/32055700/32055666/7f33c668.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Sweett | Chevalier Saint Georges Paris City Center - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Free WiFi 6.0 1 review [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-17&endDate=2026-02-18&selected=32055666&PinnedHotelID=32055666&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91730000/91725900/91725856/3a7a3c88.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Merveil - Family Suite - Opera - Caumartin II 9th Arrondissement - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Free WiFi [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-17&endDate=2026-02-18&selected=91725856&PinnedHotelID=91725856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![TV](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/23000000/22280000/22278800/22278702/e09907ff.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Sweett | Saint Honore Paris City Center - Kitchen - Washer - Free WiFi - Microwave 6.0 2 reviews [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-17&endDate=2026-02-18&selected=22278702&PinnedHotelID=22278702&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Smart TV](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/97000000/97000000/96998100/96998055/e9be3c43.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Sublime apartment Louvre Museum Paris City Center - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Free WiFi 8.4 Very good 6 reviews CA $1,041 CA $1,326 total includes taxes & fees Feb 28 - Mar 1 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-28&endDate=2026-03-01&selected=96998055&PinnedHotelID=96998055&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![2 bedrooms, desk, iron/ironing board, free WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114500000/114496200/114496191/061befd0.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Elegant appt- AC-2BR-6P- Musée du Louvre Paris City Center - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Free WiFi 10 Exceptional 21 reviews CA $544 CA $745 total includes taxes & fees Feb 9 - Feb 10 [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-09&endDate=2026-02-10&selected=114496191&PinnedHotelID=114496191&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Interior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/88000000/87130000/87127000/87126964/60777536.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Merveil - Family Suite - Opera - Mauroy II 9th Arrondissement - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Free WiFi 9.0 Wonderful 7 reviews [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-17&endDate=2026-02-18&selected=87126964&PinnedHotelID=87126964&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Smart TV](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/94000000/93450000/93445000/93444992/837d22ee.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Merveil - Luxury Suite -Opera - Volney II Paris City Center - Kitchen - Washer - Dryer - Free WiFi 8.0 Very good 2 reviews [](https://www.expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-17&endDate=2026-02-18&selected=93444992&PinnedHotelID=93444992&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Compare similar properties](/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-17&endDate=2026-02-18&selected=103839942&PinnedHotelID=103839942&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2&comparePropertyIds=103839942,93444994,114368233,106557305,32055666) ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in time starts at 4:00 PM Minimum check-in age: 18 ### Check-out Check-out before 10:00 AM ### Special check-in instructions You will receive an email from the host with check-in and check-out instructions Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools ### Rules 1\. Check-in schedule: Every day from 16:00h 2\. Check-out schedule: 10:00\. ### Pets Pets not allowed ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome ### Events No events allowed ### Smoking Smoking is not permitted ## Important information ### You need to know Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card, or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed This property accepts cash Onsite parties or group events are strictly prohibited Host has indicated there is a carbon monoxide detector on the property Host has indicated there is a smoke detector on the property This property is managed through our partner, Vrbo. You will receive an email from Vrbo with a link to a Vrbo account, where you can change or cancel your reservation Property Registration Number 7510101605409 ### We should mention Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 1000, due to national regulations; for further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation ### Property is also known as 66617f5c83d9e70011332eac ## About the area Located in Paris, this apartment is in the city center. The area's natural beauty can be seen at Île Saint-Louis and Canal Saint-Martin, while Louvre Museum and Palais Garnier are cultural highlights. Check out an event or a game at Bercy Arena, and consider making time for Luxembourg Gardens, a top attraction not to be missed. [Visit our Paris travel guide](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris.dx179898) [View more Apartments in Paris](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Apartments.d179898-aaApartments.Travel-Guide-Accommodation) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C48.86233%2C2.33993&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=y6cEYk_EaDZqI7HKrWUI-6GQBe8=) Paris, Île-de-France ### What's nearby - ![rue de rivoli](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6161590/414e34a0-4338-4e35-88d5-9b987dd49d3d.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Rue de Rivoli 1 min walk \- 0.0 km - ![Les Halles featuring street scenes, outdoor eating and a city](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6131809/56f9fa6b-090b-410d-b477-77f9107b3b4e.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Les Halles 1 min walk \- 0.2 km - ![Jardin du Palais Royal](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/502210/9ba255b1-4216-467b-8ee6-30ce23bdff50.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Palais Royal 1 min walk \- 0.2 km - ![The inverted glass pyramid, of Da Vinci Code fame. I.M. Pei added this pyramid to act as a giant skylight (although this photo was taken at night). It's a popular spot to pose for photos, so you'll need to go during off-peak hours and be patient to get a clear photo.](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/2734/7e203923-6881-4da8-a7a7-06206742d76e.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) La Carrousel du Louvre 4 min walk \- 0.4 km - ![Paris City Centre which includes a fountain, street scenes and heritage architecture](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/502223/2a050e59-8f15-4fa7-8a94-e6cbb567de93.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Louvre Museum 7 min walk \- 0.7 km ### Getting around - Louvre - Rivoli Station 3 min walk - Châtelet-Les Halles Station 7 min walk - Paris Orly Airport (ORY) 37 min drive ### Restaurants - Café Palais Royal 2 min walk - Café Saint-Honoré 2 min walk - Terres de Café 1 min walk - Café Plume 1 min walk - Café Ragueneau 2 min walk ## Frequently asked questions ### Is Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal pet-friendly? ### How much does it cost to stay at Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal? ### What time is check-in at Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal? ### What time is check-out at Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal? ### Where is Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal located? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Sumptuous apartment Louvre/Palais Royal Reviews ## Reviews All reviews shown are from real guest experiences. Only travellers who have booked a stay with us can submit a review. We verify reviews according to our guidelines and publish all reviews, positive or negative. [More information](https://www.expedia.ca/lp/b/content-guidelines) 10 - Excellent 0 8 - Good 2 6 - Okay 0 4 - Poor 1 2 - Terrible 0 ### 8.0 Cleanliness ### 10 Location ## Reviews ### 8/10 Good #### Bettina L. Dec 2, 2024 Liked: Cleanliness, check-in, communication, location, listing accuracy #### Wonderful Stay Perfect Location Our family had a fantastic stay at this flat. The overall feel and look was really perfect with the bedrooms on opposite sides of the apartment which helped to make it feel large and private. The location was amazing, we walked everywhere and the area was very clean and safe. Micheal, our host, was exceptionally responsive to any questions that we had, he also made the check in process very easy and fast..we were very appreciative of his efforts. My only suggestion to Micheal would be to invest in better sleeping pillows, this would make a huge difference in the overall quality of the stay. We will treasure our time in Paris and this apartment helped to make our visit perfect. ##### Bettina L. Stayed 4 nights in Nov 2024 ### 4/10 Poor #### Erin L. Jan 13, 2025 Liked: Location Disliked: Cleanliness, communication, listing accuracy #### Location great. Everything else lacking The location of the apartment was great for our first time visit to Paris. However Sumptuous is far from accurate. There were only 4 towels in the entire apartment for 4ppl for 10 day stay. 3 rolls of toilet paper, and two coffee cups. If anyone besides two people wanted coffe in the am you were out of luck. The sheets on all beds were cheap and scratchy. And when we tried to communicate with the host they never responded for the entire 10 days! ##### Erin L. Stayed 10 nights in Jan 2025 ### 8/10 Good #### D Shawn K. Aug 7, 2024 Liked: Cleanliness, check-in, communication, location, listing accuracy #### Amazing Location - A Must stay for Small family Pros: Location Location Location... This place is right in the middle of all things Paris. Incredible view of a movie courtyard. Located on first floor (2nd floor for Americans.) So easy to navigate daily, not a ton of stairs. Apartment is so clean. Very quiet at night. Owner is very responsive at very helpful. Full kitchen, 2 showers and sinks, Beds are new and comfortable, Pull out was also very comfortable. Plenty of food options everywhere at all times of the day. Cons: 1 toilet. It was a bit crowded for 4 adults. A Family would be fine. No Air-con, but fans were provided, so it was fine. Paris is usually not as hot as it was when we were there. ##### D Shawn K. Stayed 9 nights in Jul 2024 ## Expedia's Latest Trends ### Hotels > [Hôtel Sleeping Belle - Gare de Lyon Bastille](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Elysee-Gare-De-Lyon.h5638495.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Jardin de Cluny](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Best-Western-Jardin-De-Cluny.h26651.Hotel-Information) > > [Le Metropolitan Paris Tour Eiffel, a Tribute Portfolio Hotel](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Le-Metropolitan.h7145.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Wallace, a Member of Design Hotels – Orso hotel](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Le-Wallace-Hotel-Et-Bar.h45826672.Hotel-Information) > > [Citadines Montparnasse Paris](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Citadines-Maine-Montparnasse-Paris.h68785.Hotel-Information) > > [Mayflower Opéra ](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Mayflower-Opera.h12604991.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Riesner](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Alexandrie.h1399823.Hotel-Information) > > [The People - Paris Bercy - Hostel](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-The-People-Hostel-Paris-12.h36818758.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Albert 1er Paris Lafayette](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Albert-1er-Paris-Lafayette.h63911.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Bradford Elysées – Astotel](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Bradford-Elysees-Astotel.h6901.Hotel-Information) > > [Monsieur George Hotel & Spa – Champs Elysées](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Monsieur-George-Champs-Elysees.h38705288.Hotel-Information) > > [Villa Marquis a Member of Melia Collection Tour Eiffel](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Villa-Marquis-Member-Of-Melia-Collection.h44711.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Vernet](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Vernet-Paris-Champs-Elysees.h8571.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel du Savoir](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Le-Petit-Belloy-Saint-Germain.h2466847.Hotel-Information) > > [Norman Paris Hôtel & Spa](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-De-Vigny.h189601.Hotel-Information) > > [ Hôtel de Berri Champs-Élysées, a Luxury Collection Hotel](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-De-Berri.h874178.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Monsieur & Spa](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Monsieur.h11741259.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Atala Champs Elysées](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Atala-Champs-Elysees.h26733.Hotel-Information) > > [Ibis Paris Montmartre Sacré-Coeur](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Ibis-Paris-Montmartre-Sacre-Coeur.h10680.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Lancaster](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Lancaster.h23034.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Fouquet's Paris](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Barriere-Le-Fouquets-Paris.h19460.Hotel-Information) > > [Bvlgari Hotel Paris](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Bvlgari-Hotel.h72626662.Hotel-Information) > > [Staycity Aparthotels, Paris Gare De l'Est](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Staycity-Aparthotels.h1169651.Hotel-Information) > > [Warwick Champs-Elysées Paris](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Warwick-Paris-Formerly-Hotel-Warwick-Champs-Elysees.h22410.Hotel-Information) > > [The People - Paris Belleville (ex Les Piaules) - Hostel](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Les-Piaules-Belleville.h16189266.Hotel-Information) > > [InterContinental Paris Champs Elysées by IHG](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-InterContinental-Paris-Avenue-Marceau.h2193319.Hotel-Information) > > [The One Alma Paris](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Juliana-Paris.h9748353.Hotel-Information) > > [Aparthotel Quartier Libre Saint Georges](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-Quartier-Libre-Saint-Georges.h74817857.Hotel-Information) > > [25hours Hotel Terminus Nord](https://www.expedia.ca/Paris-Hotels-25hours-Hotel-Paris-Terminus-Nord.h15940.Hotel-Information)