Title: Independence Avenue in Antananarivo - Tours and Activities | Expedia.ca [Independence Avenue Hotels](https://expedia.ca/Independence-Avenue-Hotels.0-l6251500-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels)[Flights to Antananarivo](https://expedia.ca/Cheap-Flights-To-Antananarivo.d3500.Travel-Guide-Flights)[Things to do in Antananarivo](https://expedia.ca/Things-To-Do-In-Antananarivo.d3500.Travel-Guide-Activities)[Independence Avenue Car Rentals](https://expedia.ca/Car-Rentals-In-Independence-Avenue.d6251500.Car-Rental-Guide)[Antananarivo Vacation Packages](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo.d3500.Destination-Travel-Guides) # Independence Avenue Tours and Activities ## Visit Independence Avenue Activities [Antananarivo travel guide](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo.dx3500) --- --- ## Plan a trip to see Independence Avenue Price found within the past 48 hours. Click for updated prices. ![Radisson Hotel Tamboho Waterfront Antananarivo](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/4000000/3910000/3907600/3907582/7635b900_y.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=900&h=506&q=mediumHigh) ### Radisson Hotel Tamboho Waterfront Antananarivo CA $2,726 per person Feb 19 - Feb 23 found 22 hours ago Roundtrip flight included Halifax (YHZ) to Antananarivo (TNR) 9/10 Wonderful! (70 reviews) Very nice hotel. Food was great hotel staff amazingly friendly Reviewed on Nov 12, 2025 ![Madaverte](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114840000/114834400/114834338/1c5f2979_y.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=900&h=506&q=mediumHigh) ### Madaverte CA $28,567 per person Feb 19 - Feb 23 found 22 hours ago Roundtrip flight included Halifax (YHZ) to Antananarivo (TNR) No reviews ![Le Louvre Hôtel & Spa](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/3000000/2340000/2330700/2330636/5df5c768_y.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=900&h=506&q=mediumHigh) ### Le Louvre Hôtel & Spa Antaninarenina CA $2,976 per person Feb 19 - Feb 23 found 22 hours ago Roundtrip flight included Halifax (YHZ) to Antananarivo (TNR) 7.8/10 Good! (145 reviews) Generally acceptable except the noise from surrounding area. Reviewed on Mar 24, 2025 ### Tours & day trips [See all 32 activities](https://expedia.ca/things-to-do/search?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&filter.categories=ToursDayTrips) ![Half-Day Private Tour in Lemur's Park](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/47021903/616e7344-b4f1-49d1-9417-8b8f53d57f49.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Half-Day Private Tour in Lemur's Park 4h 10/10 1 review Free cancellation available CA $208 includes taxes & fees per adult [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/half-day-private-tour-in-lemurs-park.a47021903.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Private Tour Through the Wildlife of Madagascar and the Kingdom of Rova](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/46964833/244c70c9-bea1-41a1-bd79-7342360cc7e4.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Private Tour Through the Wildlife of Madagascar and the Kingdom of Rova 7h Free cancellation available CA $202 includes taxes & fees per adult [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/private-tour-through-the-wildlife-of-madagascar-and-the-kingdom-of-rova.a46964833.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Private Tour of the Southern Circuit of Madagascar](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/49818846/99504b37-1766-452e-a6b9-c3d7ef59dbed.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Private Tour of the Southern Circuit of Madagascar 7d Free cancellation available CA $1,290 includes taxes & fees per adult [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/private-tour-of-the-southern-circuit-of-madagascar.a49818846.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Day Trip to Andasibe National Park](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/49897917/a2e95c4c-086d-4bb9-89bf-465515f0e532.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Day Trip to Andasibe National Park 10h CA $524 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/day-trip-to-andasibe-national-park.a49897917.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Antananarivo Like a Local: Customised Guided Tour](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/1182801/6d6a511b-c307-4419-8fcb-43824ab09da3.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Antananarivo Like a Local: Customised Guided Tour 6h Free cancellation available CA $55 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/antananarivo-like-a-local-customised-guided-tour.a1182801.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![3 Days Visit of Andasibe National Park in Madagascar](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/49710050/39e292ae-2915-4468-89ec-84df9e3a3aaf.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 3 Days Visit of Andasibe National Park in Madagascar 3d Free cancellation available CA $740 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/3-days-visit-of-andasibe-national-park-in-madagascar.a49710050.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![6 Days Adventure to Andasibe & Tamatave from Antananarivo](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/48099819/c2d824cf-b888-4f26-b583-822190de8ed5.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 6 Days Adventure to Andasibe & Tamatave from Antananarivo 6d Free cancellation available CA $2,419 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/from-antananarivo-unique-6-days-trip-to-andasibe-tamatave.a48099819.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Private Nature and Discovery Tour in Madagascar](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/46296448/e09d5532-95e0-4476-9595-b0a8a38bf322.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Private Nature and Discovery Tour in Madagascar 5d Free cancellation available CA $1,451 includes taxes & fees per adult [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/12-days-private-tour-in-eastern-madagascar.a46296448.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Antananarivo: Lemurs Park & City Tour](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/48121640/c97417f6-4817-4c18-93e3-4dd2a9b87165.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Antananarivo: Lemurs Park & City Tour 1d Free cancellation available CA $507 includes taxes & fees per adult [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/4-hours-street-food-in-antananarivo.a48121640.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![8 Days Tour to Morondava, Tsingy, & Baobabs Avenue](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/48232992/a65e1a1c-993b-45f1-b287-418fc5368eda.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 8 Days Tour to Morondava, Tsingy, & Baobabs Avenue 8d Free cancellation available CA $3,225 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/from-antananarivo-8-days-menabe-tour-to-morondava-tsingy.a48232992.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ### Wildlife & nature [See all 8 activities](https://expedia.ca/things-to-do/search?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&filter.categories=WildlifeNature) ![6 Days Adventure to Andasibe & Tamatave from Antananarivo](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/48099819/c2d824cf-b888-4f26-b583-822190de8ed5.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 6 Days Adventure to Andasibe & Tamatave from Antananarivo 6d Free cancellation available CA $2,419 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/from-antananarivo-unique-6-days-trip-to-andasibe-tamatave.a48099819.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![8 Days Tour to Morondava, Tsingy, & Baobabs Avenue](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/48232992/a65e1a1c-993b-45f1-b287-418fc5368eda.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 8 Days Tour to Morondava, Tsingy, & Baobabs Avenue 8d Free cancellation available CA $3,225 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/from-antananarivo-8-days-menabe-tour-to-morondava-tsingy.a48232992.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![3 Days Getaway to Ampefy from Antananarivo](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/47672276/8e02df0a-0b55-47bd-b91b-90c80923adef.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 3 Days Getaway to Ampefy from Antananarivo 3d Free cancellation available CA $1,129 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/from-antananarivo-3-days-of-getaway-trip-to-ampefy.a47672276.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Private 14-Day Classic Route Tour in Madagascar](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/3313833/c48f6531-6c32-4d43-b5f8-f608a6eb4744.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Private 14-Day Classic Route Tour in Madagascar 14d CA $8,925 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/4-day-private-india-tour-to-delhi-agra.a3313833.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![The west beauty of Madagascar: Tsingy and Baobab trees](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/48080597/40295f5a-87e6-490d-a476-964a411d86ef.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### The west beauty of Madagascar: Tsingy and Baobab trees 10d Free cancellation available CA $4,318 includes taxes & fees per traveller\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/the-west-beauty-of-madagascar-tsingy-and-baobab-trees.a48080597.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![10 Days South of Madagascar Classic Tour](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/46073390/b02be52f-5500-4096-b696-43b374938140.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 10 Days South of Madagascar Classic Tour 10d CA $5,713 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/10-days-south-of-madagascar-classic-tour.a46073390.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Madagascar Wildlife Tour 14D/13N](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/2524576/fae021c6-4770-407c-be7a-69cb787f6fa3.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Madagascar Wildlife Tour 14D/13N 14d Free cancellation available CA $5,701 includes taxes & fees per adult [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/madagascar-wildlife-tour-14d-13n.a2524576.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![The South of Madagascar for 7 Days](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/49709356/ecb9ba62-387c-4e7f-baa7-376b82224573.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### The South of Madagascar for 7 Days 8d Free cancellation available CA $3,144 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/the-south-of-madagascar-for-7-days.a49709356.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ### Food, drink & nightlife [See all 3 activities](https://expedia.ca/things-to-do/search?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&filter.categories=FoodDrinkNightlife) ![4-Hours Night Tour of Antananarivo](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/47057883/978dcf32-7d4d-446b-85a0-9b6c04dd08af.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 4-Hours Night Tour of Antananarivo 4h Free cancellation available CA $290 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/5-hour-private-street-food-tour-in-antananarivo.a47057883.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![Antananarivo: Lemurs Park & City Tour](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/48121640/c97417f6-4817-4c18-93e3-4dd2a9b87165.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### Antananarivo: Lemurs Park & City Tour 1d Free cancellation available CA $507 includes taxes & fees per adult [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/4-hours-street-food-in-antananarivo.a48121640.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![3 Days Getaway to Ampefy from Antananarivo](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/47672276/8e02df0a-0b55-47bd-b91b-90c80923adef.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 3 Days Getaway to Ampefy from Antananarivo 3d Free cancellation available CA $1,129 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/from-antananarivo-3-days-of-getaway-trip-to-ampefy.a47672276.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ### Air, helicopter & balloon tours [See all 3 activities](https://expedia.ca/things-to-do/search?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&filter.categories=AirHelicopterBalloonTours) ![10 Days South of Madagascar Classic Tour](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/46073390/b02be52f-5500-4096-b696-43b374938140.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 10 Days South of Madagascar Classic Tour 10d CA $5,713 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/10-days-south-of-madagascar-classic-tour.a46073390.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![9 Days East of Madagascar Tour](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/46062084/ef057e0f-a170-4ba5-b3d9-d73bcde72a1a.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### 9 Days East of Madagascar Tour 9d CA $4,595 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/9-days-east-of-madagascar-tour.a46062084.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ![The South of Madagascar for 7 Days](https://mediaim.expedia.com/localexpert/49709356/ecb9ba62-387c-4e7f-baa7-376b82224573.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=500&rh=280) ### The South of Madagascar for 7 Days 8d Free cancellation available CA $3,144 includes taxes & fees per adult\* \*Get lower prices by selecting more than 2 adults [](https://www.expedia.ca/things-to-do/the-south-of-madagascar-for-7-days.a49709356.activity-details?&rid=6251500&location=Independence+Avenue&swp=off) ### Popular places to visit #### Is'Art Galerie You can study the exhibits at Is'Art Galerie, a museum with a storied past, during your trip to Antananarivo. Make some time to visit the spas while you're in the area. [](https://expedia.ca/IsArt-Galerie-Antananarivo-Avaradrano.d553248621562861597.Vacation-Attraction) #### Analakely Market 3/5(1 review) You can find out about the history of Antananarivo when you stop by Analakely Market. Make some time to visit the spas while you're in the area. [](https://expedia.ca/Analakely-Market-Antananarivo-Avaradrano.d553248621532405172.Vacation-Attraction) #### Avance Center You can find the perfect gifts to bring home at Avance Center during your visit to Antananarivo. Make time to visit the monuments and cathedral while you're in the area. [](https://expedia.ca/Avance-Center-Antananarivo.d779446215795744768.Vacation-Attraction) #### Faravohitra Church 4/5(1 review) Faravohitra Church is just one of the places to see in Antananarivo, so why not enjoy the other things to explore during your travels? Make time to visit the spas and monuments while you're in the area. [](https://expedia.ca/Faravohitra-Church-Antananarivo-Avaradrano.d6116306.Vacation-Attraction) #### Ambohitsorohitra Palace After visiting Ambohitsorohitra Palace, make a plan to see the other sights and activities in Antananarivo. Make some time to visit the spas while you're in the area. [](https://expedia.ca/Ambohitsorohitra-Palace-Antananarivo-Avaradrano.d6251497.Vacation-Attraction) #### Musee d'Art et d'Archeologie You can browse the exhibits at Musee d'Art et d'Archeologie, a museum with a story of its own, during your trip to Antananarivo. Make some time to visit the spas while you're in the area. [](https://expedia.ca/Musee-DArt-Et-DArcheologie-Isoraka.d6116314.Vacation-Attraction) --- ## Best Lodging Options Near Independence Avenue ## Check availability on hotels close to Independence Avenue [Tonight ](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.CheckPrices.Package&adults=2&openPlayBack=true®ionId=6251500&startDate=2025-12-09&endDate=2025-12-10)[Dec 9 - Dec 10](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.CheckPrices.Package&adults=2&openPlayBack=true®ionId=6251500&startDate=2025-12-09&endDate=2025-12-10) [Tomorrow night ](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.CheckPrices.Package&adults=2&openPlayBack=true®ionId=6251500&startDate=2025-12-10&endDate=2025-12-11)[Dec 10 - Dec 11](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.CheckPrices.Package&adults=2&openPlayBack=true®ionId=6251500&startDate=2025-12-10&endDate=2025-12-11) [This weekend ](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.CheckPrices.Package&adults=2&openPlayBack=true®ionId=6251500&startDate=12%2F12%2F2025&endDate=14%2F12%2F2025)[Dec 12 - Dec 14](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.CheckPrices.Package&adults=2&openPlayBack=true®ionId=6251500&startDate=12%2F12%2F2025&endDate=14%2F12%2F2025) [Next weekend ](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.CheckPrices.Package&adults=2&openPlayBack=true®ionId=6251500&startDate=19%2F12%2F2025&endDate=21%2F12%2F2025)[Dec 19 - Dec 21](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.CheckPrices.Package&adults=2&openPlayBack=true®ionId=6251500&startDate=19%2F12%2F2025&endDate=21%2F12%2F2025) ![Radisson Blu Hotel Antananarivo Waterfront](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/73000000/72110000/72103700/72103636/cb8970ef_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### Radisson Blu Hotel Antananarivo Waterfront Zone Tana Water Front, Ankorondrano Antananarivo Antananarivo [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-Radisson-Blu-Hotel-Antananarivo-Waterfront.h72103636.Hotel-Information) ![Central Hotel Tana](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/11000000/10580000/10577900/10577841/5c39badd_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### Central Hotel Tana Rue Andrianamihaja Raoul Antananarivo [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-Central-Hotel-Tana.h10577841.Hotel-Information) ![Radisson Serviced Apartments Antananarivo City Centre](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/30000000/29510000/29502800/29502788/341847e7_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### Radisson Serviced Apartments Antananarivo City Centre Lot 1 et 16 2 Bis Antananarivo Antananarivo Province [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-Tamboho-Suites.h29502788.Hotel-Information) ![DOWNTOWN HOTEL](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91580000/91570400/91570333/f6e4678c_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### DOWNTOWN HOTEL Rue Andrianary R. Ampasamadinika Antananarivo Analamanga [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-DOWNTOWN-HOTEL.h91570333.Hotel-Information) ![Le Louvre Hôtel & Spa](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/3000000/2340000/2330700/2330636/5df5c768_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### Le Louvre Hôtel & Spa 4, Place P.Tsiranana Antaninarenina Antananarivo [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-Le-Louvre-Hotel-Spa.h2330636.Hotel-Information) ![Le Centell Hotel & Spa](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/37000000/36480000/36473400/36473336/8bb8331d_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### Le Centell Hotel & Spa Immeuble Aloe Antananarivo [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-Le-Centell-Hotel-Spa.h36473336.Hotel-Information) ![Carlton Hotel](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/1000000/180000/178100/178009/e95f0a65_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### Carlton Hotel Rue Pierre Stibbe Anosy Antananarivo [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-Carlton-Hotel.h178009.Hotel-Information) ![Radisson Hotel Tamboho Waterfront Antananarivo](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/4000000/3910000/3907600/3907582/7635b900_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### Radisson Hotel Tamboho Waterfront Antananarivo Tana Water Front Antananarivo [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-Hotel-Tamboho.h3907582.Hotel-Information) ![Atmosphère Hotel & spa ](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/91000000/90890000/90885700/90885683/79166917_y.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=340&ch=150) ### Atmosphère Hotel & spa Antananarivo Madagascar Antananarivo Analamanga [](https://expedia.ca/Antananarivo-Hotels-Atmosphere-Hotel-Spa.h90885683.Hotel-Information) [See all 192 properties in Independence Avenue](https://expedia.ca/Hotel-Search?rfrrid=TG.LP.Hotels.Package®ionId=6251500) Lowest nightly price found within the past 24 hours based on a 1 night stay for 2 adults. Prices and availability subject to change. Additional terms may apply.